Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial terhadap Kualitas Hidup pada Individu Autistik Dewasa
Abstract
Gangguan Spektrum Autisme merupakan gangguan perkembangan yang ditandai dengan hambatan
komunikasi dan interaksi sosial. Gangguan ini berlangsung sepanjang usia hingga dewasa. Indikator
keberhasilan layanan intervensi pada individu dengan disabilitas dapat diketahui melalui kualitas hidup. Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan kualitas hidup individu autistik dewasa cenderung lebih rendah. Salah satu upaya meningkatkan kualitas hidup individu autistik dewasa melalui identifikasi faktor-faktor prediktor kualitas hidup. Namun, di Indonesia belum ada penelitian terkait konteks tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup individu autistik dewasa di Indonesia dan peranan dukungan sosial. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Kualitas hidup diukur dengan kuesioner WHOQoL-BREF, Disability Module dan ASQoL. Dukungan sosial diukur dengan ISEL-12. Jumlah partisipan 31 orang yang berusia 18-30 tahun tersebar di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dukungan sosial berkorelasi positif dengan kualitas hidup. Hal ini menunjukkan meningkatnya dukungan sosial sejalan dengan meningkatnya kualitas hidup pada individu autistik dewasa. Sumber dukungan sosial yang dirasakan paling menguntungkan bagi individu autistik dewasa berasal dari keluarga, teman, dan profesional (terapis, guru,psikolog). Bantuan yang diberikan mencakup bantuan informasi, bantuan emosional, dan bantuan langsung. Upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup bagi individu autistik dewasa memerlukan kerjasama dari berbagai elemen mulai dari pembuat kebijakan hingga masyarakat. Temuan ini menambah wawasan pengetahuan mengenai gambaran kehidupan individu autistik dewasa di Indonesia untuk pengembangan program-program selanjutnya.
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